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Guchkov, Alexander Ivanovich (1862-1936)
Moscow landowner and industrialist, organiser and leader of the Octobrist party. President 3rd Duma. Following the February revolution of 1917, Guchkov was first Minister of the Army and Navy in the Provisional Government. Resigned 31st May 1917. Guchkov was a social-chauvinist during WWI. In August, 1917, he supported Kornilov in his rebellion against the Provisional Government. After the October Revolution, Guchkov fought against the Soviet government, and later became a white emigre in Berlin.
Guesde, Jules (1845-1922)
French socialist. Leader of the Marxist wing of the French workers' movement. From 1877 onwards he published the socialist paper Égalité. In 1879-80, together with Lafargue, among others, he founded the French Workers' Party [Parti ouvrier], the programme of which, in its fundamental points, was formulated with Marx's help. In the 1880's and 90's Guesde led the fight against the Possibilists and came out decidedly against Millerandism [Socialists taking office in bourgeois governments] but in the 1890s he was already beginning to retreat to social-chauvinism and reformism. Later he was one of the most prominent Centrist leaders in the Second International, during the war a social-chauvinist and in 1914-15 a member of the government.
See Jules Guesde Archive.
Guest, Haden Leslie (1877-1960)
Extreme right-wing Labourite. A doctor of medicine who worked mostly in the public health system in schools, and in the Boer War and First World War. Became active in the Labour Party; Secretary of the 1920 Labour delegation to Russia, later expressing himself utterly hostile to the new regime, On London County Conned 1919-22; MP for Southwark 1923-7. Opposed the General Strike in 1926; expelled from the Parliamentary Labour Party the following year for speaking against Labour opposition to the intervention of British troops against the Chinese Revolution. Stood in a by-election with the support of the local Tories, though without success, and in 1928 was formally admitted to the Conservative Party. In 1929 stood as a Tory against Ben Ti1lett in Salford, again without success. Despite this record he was readmitted to the Labour Party, fighting seats in the 1931 and 1935 General Elections as a Labour candidate, and eventually being re-elected to parliament for North Islington from 1937 to 1950. In 1950 he entered the House of Lords, where he became a Labour whip.
Guevara, Che (1928-1967)
Argentinian doctor; joined Castro in Mexico in 1954; a leader of the 1956-59 Cuban Revolution. Che served as president of Cuba's national bank and as Cuba's minister of industry in the period immediately following the Cuban Revolution.
Towards the end of his formal affiliation with the Cuban government, Che came to implicitly criticize Soviet bureacracy. His positions put him at odds with the party line of the Cuban CP. In 1965, Che realized that the defence of the Cuban revolution and the creation of revolutions abroad were naturally not always in sync, and this ultimately led to his resignation and his return to revolutionary work abroad.
During Che's subsequent revolutionary campaigns, he wrote his Message to the Tricontinental (1967) in which he openly criticized the Soviet Union; claiming that the Northern hemisphere of the world, both the Soviet Union and the US, exploited the Southern hemisphere of the world. He strongly supported the Vietnamese Revolution, and urged his comrades in South America to create "many vietnams".
In 1965 Che left Cuba to set up guerrilla forces first in the Congo and then later in Bolivia, where he was ultimately captured and killed in October 1967. Accounts of his execution have varied over the years, but many contemprary accounts indicate some degree of collaboration between Bolivia's government troops and the United States CIA.
Guevara developed a theory of primacy of military struggle, in particular concept of guerilla foquismo. Many of Che's theories regarding guerilla tactics are articulated in his 1961 work "Guerilla Warfare."
Further Reading: Che Guevara Archive
Guillaume, William (1844-1916)
James Guillaume was born in London in February 1844. He became interested in anarchism when he was a student in Zurich, and later as a printer in Neuchatel. He became one of the leading members of the Jura Federation of the First International. Having accepted anarchist beliefs, he associated himself with Bakunin, with whom he was expelled from the International at the Hague Congress in 1872. Later he was active in founding the Anarchist St.-Imier International. He played a decisive role in Kropotkin's conversion to anarchism, and worked with him at anarchist agitation in Switzerland during the later 1870s. Early in the 1880s, Guillaume withdrew from anarchist activity, to become active again twenty years later in the anarcho-syndicalist movement. The four-volume work he wrote during this later period, L'International: Documents et Souvenirs, is the most important source of information from the anarchist point of view relating to the First International. Guillaume also edited Bakunin's Collected Works published in French in 1907.
Guizot, Francois (1787-1874)
French monarchist statesman and historian, was premier 1847-48, when he was turned out of office by the February revolution of 1848.
Gurko, Vasili Iosifovich (1864-1937)
Czarist General. Fought in Russo-Japanese War, and under Rennenkampf in World War I. Chief of Staff 1916-19l7. Commander Rumanian Front 1917. Counter-revolutionary monarchist, and Black Hundred leader. Dismissed by Kerensky May 1917. Emigrated to England.
Gusev, Sergei (1874-1933)
Bolshevik. Later joined the Stalinist faction in the early 1920s.
Guzman, Abimael (Gonzalo) (1935-)
Chairman of the Peruvian Communist Party and the leader of the "Shining Path" or Sendero Luminoso. His ideology is Maoism. In 1992 he was arrested by the Peruvian state.
He was born in 1934 in Arequipa. In his childhood he was influenced by Stalin. He became a university professor at Huamanga where he received 2 doctoral degrees. From 1964 he was engaged in a 2 line struggle within the Communist Party and in 1970 he founded the Sendero Luminoso from the university of Ayacucho. Earlier in 1966 he had visited China during the Cultural Revolution. He was greatly influenced by Jose Mariategui, a leader, in the 1930s. In the 70s he worked on building the mass organisations before he formally launched armed struggle on March 17th 1980. His organisation made significant gains in the countryside. Gonzalo wrote documents on Maoism and several tributes to Mao. He was responsible for building "Gonzalo thought."
B Harsh Thakore (2/2002)